Nairobi, the capital city of Kenya, experiences a subtropical highland climate characterized by mild temperatures year-round, two distinct rainy seasons, and relatively low humidity.
Located at an elevation of approximately 1,795 meters (5,889 feet) above sea level, Nairobi’s climate is influenced by its high altitude, proximity to the equator, and the surrounding geographical features.
This unique combination results in what is often described as an “eternal spring” climate, making Nairobi one of the more comfortable major cities in Africa in terms of weather.
What are the average temperatures in Nairobi?
Nairobi maintains relatively stable temperatures throughout the year:
- Average annual temperature: 17.5°C to 21.5°C (63.5°F to 70.7°F)
- Daytime highs: typically 20°C to 26°C (68°F to 79°F)
- Nighttime lows: usually 11°C to 14°C (52°F to 57°F)
The warmest month is typically March, while the coolest is usually July.
What are the rainfall patterns in Nairobi?
Nairobi experiences two distinct rainy seasons:
- Long rains: Mid-March to May
- Short rains: October to December
Annual rainfall averages around 925mm (36.4 inches), with April being the wettest month and July the driest.
How does altitude affect Nairobi’s climate?
Nairobi’s high altitude significantly influences its climate:
- Cooler temperatures compared to other equatorial cities
- Reduced humidity levels
- Increased rainfall due to orographic lifting
- Protection from extreme heat waves
What is the humidity like in Nairobi?
Humidity in Nairobi is generally moderate:
- Average relative humidity: 60-84%
- Highest humidity: During rainy seasons (March-May and October-December)
- Lowest humidity: During dry seasons (January-February and June-September)
How do seasons affect Nairobi’s climate?
Nairobi’s seasons are primarily defined by rainfall rather than temperature:
-
Dry Season (January-February):
- Warm and dry
- Ideal for tourism and outdoor activities
-
Long Rainy Season (March-May):
- Increased cloud cover
- Higher humidity
- Frequent afternoon thunderstorms
-
Cool Dry Season (June-September):
- Coolest temperatures of the year
- Occasional drizzle or light rain
- Popular for wildlife viewing
-
Short Rainy Season (October-December):
- Less intense rainfall compared to long rains
- Warmer than the cool dry season
What extreme weather events occur in Nairobi?
Nairobi rarely experiences severe weather events, but occasional occurrences include:
- Flash floods during heavy rains
- Short periods of drought during extended dry seasons
- Hailstorms (infrequent)
- Fog, especially in the early mornings
How does Nairobi’s climate compare to other African cities?
| City | Average Annual Temperature | Annual Rainfall | Elevation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nairobi, Kenya | 17.5°C – 21.5°C (63.5°F – 70.7°F) | 925mm (36.4 in) | 1,795m (5,889 ft) |
| Lagos, Nigeria | 26.5°C – 28.5°C (79.7°F – 83.3°F) | 1,693mm (66.7 in) | 41m (135 ft) |
| Cairo, Egypt | 21.5°C – 35°C (70.7°F – 95°F) | 25mm (1 in) | 23m (75 ft) |
| Johannesburg, South Africa | 15.5°C – 26°C (59.9°F – 78.8°F) | 713mm (28.1 in) | 1,753m (5,751 ft) |
How does climate change affect Nairobi?
Climate change is impacting Nairobi in several ways:
- Increased frequency of extreme weather events
- More intense rainfall during rainy seasons
- Extended dry periods
- Slight overall temperature increase
- Changes in seasonal patterns affecting agriculture
What is the best time to visit Nairobi based on climate?
The best times to visit Nairobi are generally:
- January to February: Warm and dry, ideal for wildlife viewing
- June to September: Cool and dry, comfortable for outdoor activities
- December: Short rains are tapering off, good for tourism
Avoid April and May if possible, as these are the wettest months.
How does Nairobi’s climate affect urban planning and architecture?
Nairobi’s climate influences urban planning and architecture in several ways:
- Building designs incorporate natural ventilation due to mild temperatures
- Stormwater management systems to handle heavy rains
- Green spaces and parks integrated into city planning
- Limited need for central heating or air conditioning in most buildings
- Use of materials suitable for both rainy and sunny conditions
What is the air quality like in Nairobi?
Air quality in Nairobi varies:
- Generally moderate to poor air quality
- Main pollutants: Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10)
- Worst during dry seasons due to dust and reduced rain washout
- Traffic congestion contributes significantly to air pollution
- Efforts are ongoing to improve air quality through regulations and urban planning
How does Nairobi’s climate affect its water resources?
Nairobi’s climate has significant impacts on its water resources:
- Seasonal rainfall patterns affect water availability
- Droughts can lead to water shortages
- Heavy rains can cause flooding and water contamination
- Climate change is increasing pressure on water resources
- The city relies on surrounding highlands for much of its water supply
What role does Nairobi’s climate play in its biodiversity?
Nairobi’s climate contributes to its rich biodiversity:
- Supports a variety of plant and animal species
- Nairobi National Park thrives due to the favorable climate
- Seasonal changes influence wildlife migration patterns
- Urban green spaces host diverse flora and fauna
- Climate allows for year-round growth of vegetation
How does the climate affect daily life in Nairobi?
The climate influences daily life in Nairobi in various ways:
- Clothing: Light to medium-weight clothing year-round
- Transportation: Increased use of public transport during rainy seasons
- Work schedules: Some businesses adjust hours during extreme weather
- Recreation: Outdoor activities are popular due to mild temperatures
- Agriculture: Urban farming is common, influenced by rainfall patterns
- Energy use: Limited need for heating or cooling in most buildings
What are the main climate zones within Nairobi?
While Nairobi generally has a uniform climate, there are slight variations:
- City Center: Slightly warmer due to urban heat island effect
- Suburbs: Cooler, especially those at higher elevations
- Ngong Hills: Cooler and wetter than the city center
- Eastern Nairobi: Slightly drier than western areas
- Nairobi National Park: More exposed to wind, can be cooler
How does Nairobi’s climate compare to Kenya’s coastal regions?
Nairobi’s climate differs significantly from Kenya’s coastal areas:
| Aspect | Nairobi | Coastal Kenya (e.g., Mombasa) |
|---|---|---|
| Average Temperature | 17.5°C – 21.5°C (63.5°F – 70.7°F) | 22°C – 30°C (72°F – 86°F) |
| Annual Rainfall | 925mm (36.4 in) | 1,050mm (41.3 in) |
| Humidity | Moderate | High |
| Elevation | 1,795m (5,889 ft) | Sea level |
| Climate Classification | Subtropical highland | Tropical savanna |
What future climate projections exist for Nairobi?
Climate projections for Nairobi suggest:
- Gradual increase in average temperatures
- More frequent and intense extreme weather events
- Changes in rainfall patterns, potentially including:
- Shorter but more intense rainy seasons
- Longer dry spells
- Increased variability in seasonal weather patterns
- Potential for more frequent urban heat island effects
In conclusion, Nairobi’s climate is a key factor in its development, daily life, and appeal as both a residential city and tourist destination. The subtropical highland climate, characterized by mild temperatures and distinct rainy seasons, sets Nairobi apart from many other African cities.
While climate change poses challenges, the city’s relatively favorable climate continues to be an asset, supporting its growth, biodiversity, and quality of life.
Understanding and adapting to the nuances of Nairobi’s climate will be crucial for its sustainable development in the coming years.
